Email

blnichol@bcm.edu

Positions

Professor Emeritus

Pediatrics-Nutrition
Baylor College of Medicine
Houston, TX US

Member

Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center
Baylor College of Medicine
Houston, Texas United States

Education

BA from Baylor University

Waco, Texas United States

MS from Baylor College of Medicine

Houston, Texas United States

MD from Yale School of Medicine

New Haven, Connecticut United States

Internship at Yale New Haven Medical Center

New Haven, Connecticut United States

Residency at Johns Hopkins Hospital (Harriet Lane Home)

Baltimore, Maryland United States

Residency at Yale New Haven Medical Center

New Haven, Connecticut United States

Professional Statement

My interest in studying the problems of infants with malnutrition and chronic diarrhea began at Yale–New Haven Hospital that same year with a patient named Stevie who had what was then called “intestinal decomposition” in Germany and “intractable diarrhea of infancy” in America, a condition with an extraordinarily high mortality and with no obvious cause. My clinical mentor at that time, Dr. Nelson Ordway, suggested we use a modular casein formula in this malnourished infant whose chronic diarrhea seemed to occur only when he was fed. We tested a series of modular formulas with different carbohydrate sources, including one made with ripe bananas purchased by my wife Veda. Stevie recovered on a formula whose carbohydrate source was starch oligomer.
While I was Chief Resident in Pediatrics at Yale, Dr. Russell Blattner contacted me about joining his Pediatric faculty at Baylor. I told Dr. Blattner that I wanted to work in the subspecialty discipline of pediatric nutrition and gastroenterology. Dr. Blattner was unsure of the need for this subspecialty, but offered to establish this service if, while serving as House Staff Director at Texas Children’s Hospital, I could demonstrate any value in this discipline! Arriving in 1964, I discovered many babies like Stevie on the Baylor-affiliated infant wards and we began to study their problems in detail (1–23). These babies had a syndrome of diet driven chronic diarrhea that Bill Klish, my first GI Fellow, named Acquired Monosaccharide Intolerance (AMI), because of the glucose found in the stool (2). The house staff called the disorder “Slick-Gut Syndrome” because of the partial villous atrophy seen on small bowel biopsy (10,11). The modular refeeding method (1) resulted in some success, but there were many failures.
A major advance in AMI management occurred in 1969, when total parenteral nutrition (TPN) was implemented. The combination of modular formulas and TPN resulted in recovery of most AMI cases and a nearly 50% reduction in mortality on the infant wards. This convinced Dr. Blattner of our clinical relevance as subspecialists and he permitted us in 1970 to establish the Pediatric Nutrition and Gastroenterology Service at Baylor, a service presently headed by Dr. Bill Klish. From 1965–70, I carried out studies of malnutrition in Jamaica with Dr. John Waterlow, who became my nutrition mentor, and Dr. George Alleyne, my clinical collaborator (13).
My fellows and I studied malnourished infants with Drs. Fernando Viteri and Jorge Alvarado in Guatemala (14,15), Dr. Adalberto Parra in Mexico (16,17) and Dr. Francisco Carrazza in Brazil (18–20). From each of these clinical collaborations, we became more skilled in diagnosis and management of malnutrition and chronic diarrhea. From 1978 to 1993, I was director of the U.S. Department of Agriculture Children’s Nutrition Research Center at Baylor and Texas Children’s Hospital (CNRC). After this administrative responsibility, I enjoyed sabbatical training in molecular biology in Switzerland with Dr. Erwin Sterchi, my molecular mentor. We have now sequenced the maltase-glucoamylase cDNA and gene (21)(unpublished). As before, it was another patient, Kevin, whose problem stimulated our research interest. Kevin was a child with genetic glucoamylase deficiency and it was he who opened the molecular era of my clinical career in 1998 (22, 23). I thus turned from the clinical study of infants with acquired carbohydrate intolerance to those with genetic carbohydrate intolerance—a transition from diseases of nurture to diseases of nature.

Websites

Selected Publications

• Cheng MW, Chegeni M, Kim KH, Zhang G, Benmoussa M, Quezada-Calvillo R, Nichols BL, Hamaker BR "Different sucrose-isomaltase response of Caco-2 cells to glucose and maltose suggests dietary maltose sensing.." J Clin Biochem Nutr.. 2014 Jan;54(1):55-60. Pubmed PMID: 24426192
• Ubelmann F, Chamaillard M, El-Marjou F, Simon A, Netter J, Vignjevic D, Nichols BL, Quezada-Calvillo R, Grandjean T, Louvard D, Revenu C, Robine S "Enterocyte loss of polarity and gut wound healing rely upon the F-actin-severing function of villin.." Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.. 2013 Apr 9;110(15):E1380-9. Pubmed PMID: 23520048
• Lee BH, Yan L, Phillips RJ, Reuhs BL, Jones K, Rose DR, Nichols BL, Quezada-Calvillo R, Yoo SH, Hamaker BR "Enzyme-Synthesized Highly Branched Maltodextrins Have Slow Glucose Generation at the Mucosal a-Glucosidase Level and Are Slowly Digestible In Vivo.." PLoS ONE. 2013;8(4):e59745. Pubmed PMID: 23565164
• Lee BH, Quezada-Calvillo R, Nichols BL, Rose DR, Hamaker BR "Inhibition of Maltase-Glucoamylase Activity to Hydrolyze a-1,4 Linkages by the Presence of Undigested Sucrose.." J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr.. 2012 Nov;55:S45-7. Pubmed PMID: 23103657