Paul E. Schulz, M.D.

Associate Professor of Neurology and Neuroscience
Director, Neurology Residency Program
Director, Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology Fellowship
Director, Neurology Fellowships
Director, Neurology Grand Rounds CME
Director, Cognitive Research Group

Clinical Service Area

Neurology - Behavioral Neurology

Specialty

Behavioral and Cognitive Disorders
Neurodegenerative Diseases

Board Certification

American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology, Neurology

Clinic Appointments

713-798-8986

Consult

713-798-8986

Medical School

Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA

Residency

Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX

Fellowship

Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX

Clinical Interests

Dementias, including Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, fronto-temporal dementias (FTD), corticobasal ganglionic degeneration, parkinsonism, and manganism. Disorders of thinking, memory, and language. Cognitive impairment in other neurologic disorders such as ALS, Myotonic Dystrophy, and West Nile Virus. Behavioral changes associated with cognitive dysfunction, including anxiety, depressions, mood lability, mania, and apathy. Thought disorders (psychosis) associated with cognitive impairment such as confusion, delusions, hallucinations, misidentifications, misperceptions, and suspiciousness.

Clinic Location

Baylor Neurology
Smith Tower
6550 Fannin St., Suite 1801
Houston, TX 77030

Research Interests

Clinical Research: Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and FTD associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), including functional imaging (fMRI) to study social interaction, genetic studies for mutations underlying FTD and ALS, epidemiologic studies of FTD and ALS to ascertain factors that increase or decrease the probability or rate of progression of FTD and ALS, and pathologic approaches of FTD and ALS to ascertain diagnostic accuracy and processes at the cellular level that underlie the disorders; semantic memory, including changes in FTD-ALS, and epilepsy or epilepsy surgery; epidemiologic investigations of dementia to study the frequency, recognition, and treatment of dementia and aggression and anxiety in dementia, and to ascertain risk factors for dementia, which would give clues as to underlying pathophysiology.

Laboratory Research: The normal cellular mechanisms underlying synaptic plasticity, which are changes in the connections between neurons (nerve cells) that contribute to the cellular basis of learning and memory, language development, visuospatial function, emotional changes, etc.- the forms of synaptic plasticity under study include LTP, LTD, and decremental potentiation; using electrophysiologic (extracellular and patch-clamp recording techniques) and genetic approaches to study the induction and expression of these forms of synaptic plasticity, which includes investigating intracellular molecules, transcriptional regulation, and mechanisms of expression; investigating how normal synaptic plasticity mechanisms are disrupted in mouse models of dementia to gain clues as to the mechanisms underlying these disorders; the cellular mechanisms underlying a more rapid form of neuronal loss, i.e. that involved in global cerebral (brain) ischemia, and neuroprotection mechanisms to reduce neuronal loss—the hypothesis being that similar mechanisms may be involved in acute (stroke) and more chronic (neurodegeneration) cell loss.

Publications
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Jawaid A, Fitch O, Qureshi S, Wilson AM, Schulz PE. Alteplase beyond three hours in ischemic stroke: do we know enough? Int J Stroke. 2009;4:70.
Qureshi SU, Pyne JM, Magruder KM, Schulz PE, Kunik ME. The link between post-traumatic stress disorder and physical comorbidities: a systematic review. Psychiatr Q. 2009;80:87-97.
Fan Y, Deng P, Wang YC, Lu HC, Xu ZC, Schulz PE. Transient cerebral ischemia increases CA1 pyramidal neuron excitability. Exp Neurol. 2008;212:415-21.
Jawaid A, Schmolck H, Schulz PE. Hypersociability in Williams syndrome: a role for the amygdala? Cognit Neuropsychiatry. 2008;13:338-42.
Kraus CA, Seignourel P, Balasubramanyam V, Snow AL, Wilson NL, Kunik ME, Schulz PE, Stanley MA. Cognitive-behavioral treatment for anxiety in patients with dementia: two case studies. J Psychiatr Pract. 2008;14:186-92.
Murthy SB, Jawaid A, Schulz PE. Diabetes mellitus and dementia: advocating an annual cognitive screening in patients with diabetes mellitus. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008;56:1976-7.
Shirani P, Salamone AR, Schulz PE, Edmondson EA. Ketamine treatment for intractable pain in a patient with severe refractory complex regional pain syndrome: a case report. Pain Physician. 2008;11:339-42.
Kasten MR, Fan Y, Schulz PE. Activation of silent synapses with sustained but not decremental long-term potentiation. Neurosci Lett. 2007;417:84-9.
Kunik ME, Walgama JP, Snow AL, Davila JA, Schulz PE, Steele AB, Morgan RO. Documentation, assessment, and treatment of aggression in patients with newly diagnosed dementia. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2007;21:115-21.
Schmolck H, Mosnik D, Schulz P. Rating the approachability of faces in ALS. Neurology. 2007;69:2232-5.
Wheaton MW, Salamone AR, Mosnik DM, McDonald RO, Appel SH, Schmolck HI, Ringholz GM, Schulz PE. Cognitive impairment in familial ALS. Neurology. 2007;69:1411-7.
Bowler RM, Koller W, Schulz PE. Parkinsonism due to manganism in a welder: neurological and neuropsychological sequelae. Neurotoxicology. 2006;27:327-32.
Krishnan LL, Petersen NJ, Snow AL, Cully JA, Schulz PE, Graham DP, Morgan RO, Braun U, Moffett ML, Yu HJ, Kunik ME. Prevalence of dementia among Veterans Affairs medical care system users. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2005;20:245-53.
Ringholz GM, Appel SH, Bradshaw M, Cooke NA, Mosnik DM, Schulz PE. Prevalence and patterns of cognitive impairment in sporadic ALS. Neurology. 2005;65:586-90.
Sadek AH, Rauch R, Schulz PE. Parkinsonism due to manganism in a welder. Int J Toxicol. 2003;22:393-401.
Schulz PE, McIntosh AD, Kasten MR, Wieringa B, Epstein HF. A role for myotonic dystrophy protein kinase in synaptic plasticity. J Neurophysiol. 2003;89:1177-86.
Sadak AH, Schulz PE. Welding-related parkinsonism: clinical features, treatment, and pathophysiology. Neurology. 2001;57:1738-9.
Schulz PE. Long-term potentiation involves increases in the probability of neurotransmitter release. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997;94:5888-93.
Schulz PE, Fitzgibbons JC. Differing mechanisms of expression for short- and long-term potentiation. J Neurophysiol. 1997;78:321-34.
Schulz PE, Cook EP, Johnston D. Using paired-pulse facilitation to probe the mechanisms for long-term potentiation (LTP). J Physiol Paris. 1995;89:3-9.
Schulz PE, Cook EP, Johnston D. Changes in paired-pulse facilitation suggest presynaptic involvement in long-term potentiation. J Neurosci. 1994;14:5325-37.
Schulz PE, Weiner SP, Haber LM, Armstrong DD, Fishman MA. Neurological complications from fat emulsion therapy. Ann Neurol. 1994;35:628-30.
Sanders WE, Jr., Cheirif J, Desir R, Zoghbi WA, Hoyt BD, Schulz PE, Quinones MA. Contrast opacification of left ventricular myocardium following intravenous administration of sonicated albumin microspheres. Am Heart J. 1991;122:1660-5.
Schulz PE, Weiner SP, Belmont JW, Fishman MA. Basal ganglia calcifications in a case of biotinidase deficiency. Neurology. 1988;38:1326-8.

Book Chapters
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Kim HF, Schulz P, Wilde EA, Yudofsky SC. Laboratory testing and neuroimaging in psychiatry. In: Hales RE, Yudofsky SC, Gabbard, GO, editors. The American Psychiatric Publishing textbook of psychiatry. 5th ed. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2008. p. 19-72.
Appel SH, Mosnik D, Ringholz GM, Schulz PE. The spectrum of altered cognition in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Proceedings from the First International Research Workshop on Frontotemporal Dementia in ALS; 2005; London, Ontario, Canada.
Kataki M, Schmolck H, Schulz PE. Behavioral neurology. In: Ed Rolak L, editor. Neurology secrets. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier-Mosby; 2005. p. 233-247.
Kataki M, Hill A, Mosier D, Schulz P. West nile virus infection presenting as a mononeuropathy and encephalitis [online]. Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Case of the Month (#65). http://www.bcm.edu/neurology/challeng/pat65/summary.html [23 Sept. 2002].
White PA, Guyton L, Schulz PE. Emerging concepts in pain mechanisms: neuropeptides, neurotrophins, and neuronal plasticity. In: Appel SH, editor. Current neurology. Vol 17. Washington, DC: IOS Press; 1997. p. 293-319.

Poster Presentations
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McDowell E, Jawaid A, Poon M, Rice L, Salamone A, Strutt A, York M, Appel S, Schulz P. ApoE genotype in ALS. Neurology. 2009;72(11 Suppl 3):A51.
Woolley S, York MK, Strutt AM, Schulz PE, Katz J. The ALS Cognitive Behavioral Screen (ALS CBS™): Phase II validation. International Symposium on ALS/MND, 19th Annual Meeting in Birmingham, UK (Nov. 3-5, 2008).
Shirani P, Salamone AR, Strutt AM, Schulz PE. Altered age of onset in Alzheimer's disease with diabetes mellitus. Ann Neurol. 2008;64 Suppl 12:S43.
Sterling LE, Salamone AR, Mosnik DM, Appel SH, Strutt AM, Schulz PE. Is frontal dysfunction associated with dysarthria in patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)? Ann Neurol. 2008;64 Suppl 12:S5.
Salamone AR, Wheaton M, McDowell E, Strutt AM, Schulz PE. Diabetes mellitus: Risk or protective factor in ALS? Neurology. 2008;70(11 Suppl 1):A190.
Fan Y, Deng P, Wang Y-C, Lu H-C, Xu ZC, Schulz PE. Increases in the excitability of CA1 pyramidal neurons after transient cerebral ischemia. Stroke. 2008;39:669-70.
Salamone AR, Wheaton M, McDowell E, Strutt AM, Schulz PE. Is diabetes mellitus a protective factor for ALS? Amyotroph Lateral Scler. 2007;8 Suppl 1:212-3.
Salamone AR, Strutt AM, McDowell EJ, Ngo D, Coerver K, Ringholz G, York MK, Schulz PE. Gender differences in the clinical presentation of familial frontotemporal dementia. Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2007;22(7):887.
Salamone AR, Witgert M, Strutt AM, Schulz PE. Behavioral and cognitive dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ann Neurol. 2007;62 Suppl 11:S57.
Salamone AR, Witgert M, Macias A, Massman P, Bradshaw M, Mosnik D, Schulz PE. FTD-like cognitive and behavioral changes in ALS. 2nd International Frontotemporal Dementia in ALS Research Conference, London, Ontario Canada (June 10-13, 2007).
York MK, Macias A, Schulz PE, Harati Y, Katz J, Woolley-Levine S. Preliminary validation of the ALS Cognitive Behavioral Screen (ALS-CBS)?. 2nd International Frontotemporal Dementia in ALS Research Conference, London, Ontario Canada (June 10-13, 2007).
Pinto-Patarroyo GP, Schmolck H, Wheaton MW, Mosnik D, Macias A, King-Casas B, Montague PR, Schulz PE. A functional MRI study of social cognition in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Amyotroph Lateral Scler. 2006;7 Suppl 2:6.
Salamone AR, Mosnik D, Witgert M, Bradshaw M, Schulz PE. The relationship between frontal behavioral and cognitive changes in ALS. Amyotroph Lateral Scler. 2006;7 Suppl 1:91-2.
Sterling L, Mosnik D, Salamone AR, Wheaton M, Appel S, Schulz PE. The dissociation of dysarthria from cognitive dysfunction in ALS. Amyotroph Lateral Scler. 2006;7 Suppl 1:96.
Sterling LE, Mosnik DM, Appel SH, Schulz PE. Executive function disorders and ALS: implications for intervention. Amyotroph Lateral Scler. 2006;7 Suppl 1:96-7.
Salamone AR, McDowell E, York MK, Macias A, Ngo D, Mosnik D, Patel P, Coerver K, Ringholz G, Schulz PE. Family with female predominant FTD. 5th International Conference on Frontotemporal Dementia, San Francisco, California (Sept. 6-8, 2006).
Schmolck H, York MK, Verma A, Goldsmith IL, Yoshor D, Levin HS, Foreman PJ, Mizrahi EM, Schulz PE. Impaired semantic memory in temporal lobe epilepsy - What is the role of anterior temporal lobectomy? Epilepsia. 2005;46 Suppl 8:71.
Schmolck H, Foreman PJ, Verma A, Goldsmith IL, York MK, Levin HS, Yoshor D, Mizrahi EM, Schulz PE. Semantic memory is more impaired in dominant than in nondominant temporal lobe epilepsy. Program No. 191.16. 2005 Abstract Viewer/Itinerary Planner. Washington, DC: Society for Neuroscience, 2005. Online.

Contact Information

Paul E. Schulz, M.D.
Department of Neurology
Baylor College of Medicine
One Baylor Plaza, MS NB302
Houston, Texas 77030

Tel: 713-798-6151
Fax: 713-798-8530
Email: