Richard A. Hrachovy, M.D.

Professor of Neurology

Head, Peter Kellaway Section of Neurophysiology

Clinical Service Area

Neurology

Specialty

Epilepsy
Clinical Neurophysiology

Board Certification

American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology, Neurology
American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology, Clinical Neurophysiology

Clinic Appointments

713-798-0980

Consult

713-798-0980

Medical School

University of Texas Medical Branch Hospitals at Galveston, TX

Residency

Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, TX

Fellowship

Neurophysiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX

Clinical Interests

Clinical neurophysiology, electroencephalography, epilepsy, neonatal seizures, infantile spasms

Clinic Location

Baylor Neurophysiology
6565 Fannin, MS 587
Houston, Texas 77030

Publications
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Barnwell LF, Lugo JN, Lee WL, Willis SE, Gertz SJ, Hrachovy RA, Anderson AE. Kv4.2 knockout mice demonstrate increased susceptibility to convulsant stimulation. Epilepsia. 2009;:.
Friedman DE, Kung DH, Laowattana S, Kass JS, Hrachovy RA, Levin HS. Identifying depression in epilepsy in a busy clinical setting is enhanced with systematic screening. Seizure. 2009;18:429-33.
Mitra J, Glover JR, Ktonas PY, Thitai Kumar A, Mukherjee A, Karayiannis NB, Frost JD, Jr., Hrachovy RA, Mizrahi EM. A multistage system for the automated detection of epileptic seizures in neonatal electroencephalography. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2009;26:218-26.
Price MG, Yoo JW, Burgess DL, Deng F, Hrachovy RA, Frost JD, Jr., Noebels JL. A triplet repeat expansion genetic mouse model of infantile spasms syndrome, Arx(GCG)10+7, with Interneuronopathy, spasms in infancy, persistent seizures, and adult cognitive and behavioral impairment. J Neurosci. 2009;29:8752-63.
Guggenheim MA, Frost JD, Jr., Hrachovy RA. Time interval from a brain insult to the onset of infantile spasms. Pediatr Neurol. 2008;38:34-7.
Lee CL, Frost JD, Jr., Swann JW, Hrachovy RA. A new animal model of infantile spasms with unprovoked persistent seizures. Epilepsia. 2008;49:298-307.
Lugo JN, Barnwell LF, Ren Y, Lee WL, Johnston LD, Kim R, Hrachovy RA, Sweatt JD, Anderson AE. Altered phosphorylation and localization of the A-type channel, Kv4.2 in status epilepticus. J Neurochem. 2008;106:1929-40.
Guerra MP, Hrachovy RA, Lugli L, Mizrahi EM, Ferrari F. A new lethal case of joint contractures, facial abnormalities, pachygyria plus early-onset encephalopathy with a suppression-burst EEG pattern. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2007;11:318-321.
Kawai M, Hrachovy RA, Franklin PJ, Foreman PJ. Video-EEG monitoring in a geriatric veteran population. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2007;24:429-32.
Hrachovy RA, Frost JD, Jr. The EEG in selected generalized seizures. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2006;23:312-32.
Karayiannis NB, Mukherjee A, Glover JR, Ktonas PY, Frost JD, Jr., Hrachovy RA, Mizrahi EM. Detection of pseudosinusoidal epileptic seizure segments in the neonatal EEG by cascading a rule-based algorithm with a neural network. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2006;53:633-41.
Karayiannis NB, Tao G, Frost JD, Jr., Wise MS, Hrachovy RA, Mizrahi EM. Automated detection of videotaped neonatal seizures based on motion segmentation methods. Clin Neurophysiol. 2006;117:1585-94.
Karayiannis NB, Xiong Y, Frost JD, Jr., Wise MS, Hrachovy RA, Mizrahi EM. Automated detection of videotaped neonatal seizures based on motion tracking methods. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2006;23:521-31.
Karayiannis NB, Xiong Y, Tao G, Frost JD, Jr., Wise MS, Hrachovy RA, Mizrahi EM. Automated detection of videotaped neonatal seizures of epileptic origin. Epilepsia. 2006;47:966-80.
Frost JD, Jr., Hrachovy RA. Pathogenesis of infantile spasms: a model based on developmental desynchronization. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2005;22:25-36.
Mitra J, Glover J, Ktonas P, Frost J, Hrachovy R, Mizrahi E. Rule-enhanced Clustering in the Detection of Neonatal Seizures. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2005;1:948-51.
Karayiannis NB, Mukherjee A, Glover JR, Ktonas PY, Frost JD, Jr., Hrachovy RA, Mizrahi EM. Quantifying and visualizing uncertainty in EEG data of neonatal seizures. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2004;1:423-6.
Mitra J, Glover JR, Frost JD, Ktonas PA, Hrachovy RA, Mizrahi EM. Enhanced spatio-temporal clustering in the detection of neonatal seizures using context-based rules. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2004;7:4717-20.
Hrachovy RA, Frost JD, Jr. Infantile epileptic encephalopathy with hypsarrhythmia (infantile spasms/West syndrome). J Clin Neurophysiol. 2003;20:408-25.
Hrachovy RA. West's syndrome (infantile spasms). Clinical description and diagnosis. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2002;497:33-50.
Lee CL, Hannay J, Hrachovy R, Rashid S, Antalffy B, Swann JW. Spatial learning deficits without hippocampal neuronal loss in a model of early-onset epilepsy. Neuroscience. 2001;107:71-84.
Galvan CD, Hrachovy RA, Smith KL, Swann JW. Blockade of neuronal activity during hippocampal development produces a chronic focal epilepsy in the rat. J Neurosci. 2000;20:2904-16.
Swann JW, Lee CL, Smith KL, Hrachovy RA. Developmental neuroplasticity and epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2000;41:1078-9.
Anderson AE, Hrachovy RA, Antalffy BA, Armstrong DL, Swann JW. A chronic focal epilepsy with mossy fiber sprouting follows recurrent seizures induced by intrahippocampal tetanus toxin injection in infant rats. Neuroscience. 1999;92:73-82.
Hrachovy RA, O'Donnell DM. The significance of excessive rhythmic alpha and/or theta frequency activity in the EEG of the neonate. Clin Neurophysiol. 1999;110:438-44.
Rashid S, Lee I, Anderson AE, Hrachovy RA, Swann JW. Insights into the tetanus toxin model of early-onset epilepsy from long-term video monitoring during anticonvulsant therapy. Brain Res Dev Brain Res. 1999;118:221-5.
Anderson AE, Hrachovy RA, Swann JW. Increased susceptibility to tetanus toxin-induced seizures in immature rats. Epilepsy Res. 1997;26:433-42.
Frost JD, Jr., Hrachovy RA, Glaze DG, Rettig GM. Alpha rhythm slowing during initiation of carbamazepine therapy: implications for future cognitive performance. J Clin Neurophysiol. 1995;12:57-63.
Lee CL, Hrachovy RA, Smith KL, Frost JD, Jr., Swann JW. Tetanus toxin-induced seizures in infant rats and their effects on hippocampal excitability in adulthood. Brain Res. 1995;677:97-109.
Hrachovy RA, Frost JD, Jr., Glaze DG. High-dose, long-duration versus low-dose, short-duration corticotropin therapy for infantile spasms. J Pediatr. 1994;124:803-6.
Hrachovy RA, Frost JD, Jr., Glaze DG. Coupling of focal electrical seizure discharges with infantile spasms: incidence during long-term monitoring in newly diagnosed patients. J Clin Neurophysiol. 1994;11:461-4.
Doody RS, Hrachovy RA, Feher EP. Recurrent fluent aphasia associated with a seizure focus. Brain Lang. 1992;42:419-30.
Frost JD, Jr., Hrachovy RA, Glaze DG. Spike morphology in childhood focal epilepsy: relationship to syndromic classification. Epilepsia. 1992;33:531-6.
Frost JD, Jr., Hrachovy RA, Glaze DG, McCully MI. Sleep modulation of interictal spike configuration in untreated children with partial seizures. Epilepsia. 1991;32:341-6.
Hrachovy RA, Frost JD, Jr., Glaze DG, Kellaway P. Surgical treatment for infantile spasms? Ann Neurol. 1991;29:110-2.
Hrachovy RA, Glaze DG, Frost JD, Jr. A retrospective study of spontaneous remission and long-term outcome in patients with infantile spasms. Epilepsia. 1991;32:212-4.
Hrachovy RA, Frost JD, Jr. Infantile spasms. Cleve Clin J Med. 1989;56 Suppl Pt 1:S10-6; dicussion S40-2.
Hrachovy RA, Frost JD, Jr. Infantile spasms. Pediatr Clin North Am. 1989;36:311-29.
Hrachovy RA, Frost JD, Jr., Glaze DG, Rose D. Treatment of infantile spasms with methysergide and alpha-methylparatyrosine. Epilepsia. 1989;30:607-10.
Glaze DG, Hrachovy RA, Frost JD, Jr., Kellaway P, Zion TE. Prospective study of outcome of infants with infantile spasms treated during controlled studies of ACTH and prednisone. J Pediatr. 1988;112:389-96.
Hrachovy RA, Frost JD, Jr., Glaze DG. Treatment of infantile spasms with tetrabenazine. Epilepsia. 1988;29:561-3.
Hrachovy RA, Frost JD, Jr., Pollack MS, Glaze DG. Serologic HLA typing in infantile spasms. Epilepsia. 1988;29:817-9.
Hrachovy RA, Frost JD, Jr., Gospe SM, Jr., Glaze DG. Infantile spasms following near-drowning: a report of two cases. Epilepsia. 1987;28:45-8.
Frost JD, Jr., Kellaway P, Hrachovy RA, Glaze DG, Mizrahi EM. Changes in epileptic spike configuration associated with attainment of seizure control. Ann Neurol. 1986;20:723-6.
Glaze DG, Hrachovy RA, Frost JD, Jr., Zion TE, Bryan RN. Computed tomography in infantile spasms: effects of hormonal therapy. Pediatr Neurol. 1986;2:23-7.
Hrachovy RA, Frost JD, Jr., Glaze DG. What have we learned about sudden infant death? N Engl J Med. 1984;310:787-8.
Hrachovy RA, Frost JD, Jr., Kellaway P. Hypsarrhythmia: variations on the theme. Epilepsia. 1984;25:317-25.
Strickbine-Van Reet P, Glaze DG, Hrachovy RA. A preliminary prospective neurophysiological study of coma in children. Am J Dis Child. 1984;138:492-5.
Hrachovy RA, Frost JD, Jr., Kellaway P, Zion TE. Double-blind study of ACTH vs prednisone therapy in infantile spasms. J Pediatr. 1983;103:641-5.
Kellaway P, Hrachovy RA. Status epilepticus in newborns: a perspective on neonatal seizures. Adv Neurol. 1983;34:93-9.
Hrachovy RA. Drug-induced alpha coma. Neurology. 1982;32:1319.
Hrachovy RA, Frost JD, Jr., Kellaway P. Sleep characteristics in infantile spasms. Neurology. 1981;31:688-93.
Hrachovy RA, Frost JD, Jr., Kellaway P, Zion T. A controlled study of ACTH therapy in infantile spasms. Epilepsia. 1980;21:631-6.
Hrachovy RA, Frost JD, Jr., Kellaway P, Zion T. A controlled study of prednisone therapy in infantile spasms. Epilepsia. 1979;20:403-7.
Kellaway P, Hrachovy RA, Frost JD, Jr., Zion T. Precise characterization and quantification of infantile spasms. Ann Neurol. 1979;6:214-8.
Frost JD, Jr., Hrachovy RA, Kellaway P, Zion T. Quantitative analysis and characterization of infantile spasms. Epilepsia. 1978;19:273-82.
Bruhn JG, Hrachovy RA. Black college students' attitudes toward opportunities in the health professions. J Med Educ. 1977;52:847-9.

Books and Volumes
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Mizrahi EM, Hrachovy RA, Kellaway P, Stockard-Pope JE. Atlas of neonatal electroencephalography. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2004.
Frost JD, Jr., Hrachovy RA. Infantile spasms: diagnosis, management, and prognosis. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 2003.

Book Chapters
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Hrachovy RA, Frost JD, Jr. Severe encephalopathic epilepsy in infants: infantile spasms (West syndrome). In: Pellock JM, Bourgeois BFD, Dodson WE, editors. Pediatric epilepsy: diagnosis and therapy. 3rd ed. New York: Demos; 2008. p. 249-268.
Hrachovy RA, Frost JD, Jr. Adrenocorticotropic hormone and steroids. In: Engel J, Jr., Pedley TA, editors. Epilepsy — a comprehensive textbook. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2008. p. 1519-1529.
Hrachovy RA. Electroencephalography. In: Rolak LA, editor. Neurology secrets. 4th ed. St. Louis: Dolam Publishing Services; 2005. p. 389-412.
Hrachovy RA. Electroencephalography. In: Rolak LA, editor. Neurology secrets. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Hanley and Belfus; 2001. p. 367-388.
Hrachovy RA, Frost JD, Jr. Severe encephalopathic epilepsy in infants: West syndrome. In: Pellock JM, Dodson WE, Bourgeois BFD, editors. Pediatric epilepsy: diagnosis and therapy. 2nd ed. New York: Demos; 2001. p. 177-191.
Hrachovy RA. Development of the normal EEG. In: Levin K, L?ders H, editors. Comprehensive clinical neurophysiology. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co.; 2000. p. 387-413.
Hrachovy RA. Electroencephalography. In: Rolak LA, editor. Neurology secrets. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Hanley and Belfus; 1998. p. 353-374.
Hrachovy RA. ACTH and other steroids. In: Engel J, Jr., Pedley TA, editors. Epilepsy, a comprehensive textbook. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven Press; 1997. p. 1463-1473.
Hrachovy RA. Electroencephalography. In: Rolak LA, editor. Neurology secrets. Philadelphia: Hanley and Belfus; 1993. p. 365-386.
Hrachovy RA, Frost JD, Jr. Severe encephalopathic epilepsy in infants: infantile spasms. In: Dodson WE, Pellock JM, editors. Pediatric epilepsy: diagnosis and therapy. New York: Demos; 1993. p. 135-145.
Hrachovy RA, Frost JD, Jr. Infantile spasms. In: Dam M, Gram L, editors. Comprehensive epileptology. New York: Raven Press; 1990. p. 113-121.
Hrachovy RA, Mizrahi EM, Kellaway P. Electroencephalography of the newborn. In: Daly DD, Pedley TA, editors. Current practice of clinical electroencephalography. 2nd ed. New York: Raven Press; 1990. p. 201-242.
Kellaway P, Mizrahi EM, Hrachovy RA. Seizures of newborns and infants. In: Wada JA, Ellingson RJ, editors. Clinical neurophysiology of epilepsy. EEG handbook. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers BV; 1990. p. 311-330.
Mizrahi EM, Hrachovy RA. Neonatal seizures and infantile spasms. In: Johnson RT, editor. Current therapy in neurologic disease. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: BC Decker; 1990. p. 23-29.
Hrachovy RA, Frost JD, Jr. Infantile spasms. In: Pellock JM, editor. The pediatric clinics of North America. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1989. p. 311-329.
Hrachovy RA, Frost JD, Jr. Infantile spasms: a disorder of the developing nervous system. In: Kellaway P, Noebels JL, editors. Problems and concepts in developmental neurophysiology. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 1989. p. 131-147.
Hrachovy RA, Frost JD, Jr. Intensive monitoring of infantile spasms. In: Schmidt D, Morselli PL, editors. Intractable epilepsy: experimental and clinical aspects. New York: Raven Press; 1986. p. 87-97.
Kellaway P, Frost JD, Jr., Hrachovy RA. Infantile spasms. In: Morselli PL, Pippenger CE, Penry JK, editors. Antiepileptic drug therapy in pediatrics. New York: Raven Press; 1983. p. 115-136.
Kellaway P, Hrachovy RA. Status epilepticus in newborns: a perspective on neonatal seizures. In: Delgado-Escueta AV, Wasterlain CG, Treiman DM, Porter RJ, editors. Status epilepticus: mechanisms of brain damage and treatment. Advances in neurology. 2nd ed. Vol. 34. New York: Raven Press; 1983. p. 93-99.
Kellaway P, Frost JD, Jr., Hrachovy RA. Infantile spasms. In: Gellis S, Kagan B, editors. Current pediatric therapy. Vol. 10. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1982. p. 71-72.
Kellaway P, Hrachovy RA. Electroencephalography. In: Swaiman KF, Wright FS, editors. The practice of pediatric neurology. 2nd ed. Vol. I. St Louis: CV Mosby; 1982. p. 96-114.
Hrachovy RA, Frost JD, Jr., Kellaway P, Zion T. A controlled study of prednisone therapy in infantile spasms. In: Wada JA, Penry JK, editors. Advances in epileptology: the Xth Epilepsy International Symposium. New York: Raven Press; 1980. p. 335-339.

Poster Presentations
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Mizrahi EM, Frost JD, Jr., Friedman DE, Hrachovy RA, Slater JD. Assessment of Acute Mild Traumatic Brain Injury by Quantitative EEG Analysis — Mission Connect: Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Translational Research Consortium — The Integrated Clinical Protocol: Neurophysiology Core. US Department of Defense, Military Health Research Forum 2009 in Kansas City, Missouri (Aug. 31 - Sept. 3, 2009).
Doody RS, Hrachovy RA. Recurrent posterior-type aphasia associated with a seizure focus. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1991;79:28.

Contact Information

Richard A. Hrachovy, M.D.
Department of Neurology
Baylor College of Medicine
One Baylor Plaza, MS NB302
Houston, Texas 77030

Tel: 713-798-0980
Fax: 713-798-0984
Email: