Language barriers are often a concern in cross cultural encounters. Often, the best option is to use an interpreter. (Note: In a clinical encounter where language barriers are a concern, it is important to distinguish whether you need an “interpreter” or a “translator.” An interpreter is one who translates orally from one language into another. {American Heritage Dictionary. Viewed 9_28_2005.} A translator is a person who takes a text written in one language and writes the text again in a different language. {American Heritage Dictionary. Viewed 9_28_2005.)

The American Medical Student Association (AMSA)^[6] offers the following recommendations for using an interpreter:

• Use an interpreter unless you are effective and fluent in the target language.
   
• Try to use an interpreter of the same sex as the patient.
   
• Avoid using patient family members or children as interpreters.
   
• Address the patient, not the interpreter.
   
• Learn some basic words and phrases in the target language.
   
• Enunciate clearly and speak slowly, not loudly.
   
• Be patient. Good interpretation may require lengthy explanation.
   
• Return to issues that seem to present a problem or negative response from the patient.
   
• Have patients repeat their understanding of the therapy.
   
• Use short questions and comments. Refrain from medical jargon.
   
• Avoid asking questions in the negative format (i.e. “Haven’t you taken your pills today?”)
   
• Plan what you will do and say ahead of time and anticipate potential responses/issues and identify solutions.

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